Transmedia Storytelling: Building Worlds For and With Fans

Posted by gfiorelli1 John loves Batman. He’s collected comics since he was nine years old, is proud of owning the first edition of Gotham by Gaslight , and still remembers the afternoons spent watching the TV series with Adam West at home when he was a kid. Obviously, he has seen all the movies. The Dark Knight was a masterpiece; the I believe in Harvey Dent web campaign and the Joker counter site were pure genius, as were all the other sites created for that movie. The passion John has for Batman is such that he could not resist, and ended up buying some action figures , Batman Arkham City , and the Batman Lego video games, too. But John is especially proud of the two short stories he wrote and published in Fan Fiction . Seriously, John loves the universe of the Batman stories. This universe is the consequence of the most complex and exciting expression of our culture nowadays: Transmedia Storytelling. What is it Transmedia Storytelling? Henry Jenkins presented the idea of Transmedia Storytelling for the first time in 2003 in the MIT Technology Review magazine . The idea can be defined as a story that unfolds across multiple media outlets and platforms, and in which a portion of the end users take an active role in the process of expansion. Transmedia Storytelling tends to be mistaken for Cross Media, which can be defined as  one story – rather than different ones pertaining to the same narrative universe – narrated through different media channels. Although, nowadays the two terms are used almost as if they were synonyms.  In the same semantic galaxy, we can find concepts like: Multiple platforms (or multi-device) Intertextual commodity Transmedial narrative Transmedial worlds The characteristics of Transmedia Storytelling Spreadability vs. drillability

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Transmedia Storytelling: Building Worlds For and With Fans

Social Media Curation Guide

Posted by gfiorelli1 Last year on SEOmoz, I published The Content Curation Guide for SEO , which – even though it is still valid – I thought it needed a fresh addition. Not only does this post update some of the information shared, but it also digs deeper into an aspect of content curation that is actually the most used and, possibly, useful to SEOs and Content Marketers who must deal with more duties than just curation: social media curation. For that reason, I gave a Mozinar last week about this topic where I explained why it is important to include social content curation in your inbound marketing strategy; how to prepare, organize, execute, and analyze your social curation activities; and what tools to use. If you missed the opportunity to attend the live broadcast of the Mozinar, you can watch it here . Joanna Lord does great social content curation on Pinterest!  Audience Q&A 1. If you have many clients for which you need to curate content, you need to have so many profiles for all the social media accounts etc for their respective industries. Any good tools for managing these and managing mentions and more across all the accounts? During the webinar, I praised Buffer for their awesome tools. However, its premium version only allows adding up to 12 social profiles and have up to two team members access the accounts. If you are doing social content curation for many clients, it might not be the best tool to use. In your case, I would possibly use  Hootsuite , whose premium plan allows you an unlimited number of admins for social profiles, a much larger number of social networks (Google+ included), and strongly social web platform like Scoop.it, Tumblr, YouTube, and others.  2. Can you discuss your methods of not repeating content through different forms of social media (i.e. posting the same link on your organization’s Facebook and Twitter accounts)? Ideally, to obtain the best effect from your social content curation, it is always better to craft the message accordingly to the specific nature of the social media you are going to share it. For instance, not only Twitter, Facebook , and/or Google+ have their own specific characteristics that you could miss using at your advantage with a single “standard” message, but they also present very different user behaviors, even in the case the users are the same in those three social networks. With platforms like Buffer and Hootsuite, you can easily switch from social to social from within the same platform, which will surely help. 3. How do you stay on top of all this content? I have Google RSS feeds, Pocket, Paper.li newspapers, Flipboard, and more continuously feeding in stories on SEO, PPC, social media, etc. – and it just overwhelms me. How do you a) stay sane, and b) decide what and what not to read/create content about? Good question! Actually, even if I like to experiment and play with as many tools I can, I don’t use many. To be honest, I use only these ones: Zite, Twitter (the selected people/sites I follow and the list I created), Google+, and the posts/comments in the blog I trust the most (i.e. SEOmoz and YouMoz) for discovering new sources Google Reader as the hub of all the sources I select with time Buffer, for the sharing process, and Bit.ly, Followerwonk, Google+ Ripples, and Facebook Insights for the analysis of my social curation activity How do I “stay sane” and decide what and what not to read/create content about? Experience sure helps me, because with the passing of time, you learn how to easily recognize if one piece of content is so outstanding you should share it with your audience. But here few tips, which may help you: Don’t read first, but “skim” the posts in your RSS Feed. If the first paragraph (more than the title) makes you want to read more, then there’s a chance that the posts is good and interesting. Put a lot of weight in your sharing decision of the conclusions of the post. The best posts usually have amazing last paragraphs, which not only summarize the thesis of the post and its takeaways, but also make you literally say “WTF!” 4. What should the frequency of shareing blog posts be? If by blogs we mean social shares, the frequency depends on the social network you are sharing your updates. The most common rule is to not overwhelm your audience with an excessive amount of shared content. For this reason, I am not particularly a fan of automation in social media, even if acclaimed people like Dan Zarrella are praising it. Automation, which is not the same as scheduling, takes away the human touch of a real and thoughtful human social curation, which – with the quality of the content shared – is what makes the difference. That said, especially if your audience is spread all over the world, it is more than probable that you will need to share the same content at least twice in order to be reach the most of them when they are socially active. Luckily, social networks like Facebook and Google+ ( thanks to their Lists and Circles) offer you to make invisible these “reshares” to that part of your audience, who saw it previously. 5. How do you measure the success of content curation? I measure it considering the two objectives I always want to reach with my content curation activities: The increment of the number of followers/fans my social profiles The number of the authors of the content I curated who thanks me and, possibly, follow me Mozinar  by  Gianluca Fiorelli Why social content curation We see it everyday in the SERPs, we see it as being in the background of every Google update of late (Panda, Penguin, EMD), and we see it in people’s buying behavior: trusted brands are the entities of excellence for Google. This positive attitude of Google toward brands is logical. In fact, people tend to trust more a recognized brand rather than some unknown one. This is even truer online because brands tend to be considered as a reassuring “lighthouse” within the Internet, which is mostly a confused ocean of information. Brands like Amazon, REI, CocaCola, Airbnb, and Zappos have a trust advantage that sites as onlinewarehouse.com, outdoors.com, sodabeverages.com, cheaphotels.com, and allkindofshoes.com (any reference to existing sites is purely casual) may have. The same can be said regarding to people. We naturally tend to consider someone as the trusted reference in a specific niche as we get to know them. For instance, our own Rand Fishkin is a trusted reference in the SEO niche. Just few examples of thought leaders in different areas, present and past. As well defined by Forbes : ” A thought leader is an individual or firm that prospects, clients, referral sources, intermediaries and even competitors recognize as one of the foremost authorities in selected areas of specialization, resulting in its being the go-to individual or organization for said expertise.” More over: A thought leader is an individual or firm that significantly profits from being recognized as such. Thoughtful leadership is the real intangible gold that makes a Brand or a Person a leader in its niche. But none is born a leader. Throughout the past years, we have understood how inbound marketing (meant as the synergy of SEO, content, and social media marketing) is the correct strategy to use in order to obtain this so dreamt leadership. Content curation, as a facet of content marketing, can be of help in making that objective true. How to to properly conduct a strategy of social content curation First of all, you must make sure you’re targeting the correct audience. This section of Followerwonk is a huge help in making that goal possible, and the methodology explained by Peter Bray in this post . However, while that methodology is useful to understand your potential audience, you also need to understand a second kind of audience: the people who are able to influence the thought leaders in your niche, because nothing is truer – especially for brands in its beginnings – than that it is easier to influence an influencer via the ones who are already influencing them (sorry for the tongue twister). Once you have determined your audience, you should map it and segment it. After these steps are complete, you can start doing Social Content Curation for real. How can I find trusted sources of information to curate? Resource directories and news aggregators You can use directories like Alltop , where you can find extremely well curated list of blogs for almost any kind of topic. You can also use curated aggregation sites like Inbound.org or Hacker News in the Internet marketing and technology fields. Sites like those exist in mostly every niche; for instance,  www.mortgagenewsdaily.com is news aggregator about mortgage. Don’t forget about how often news aggregation is conducted via newsletters, especially when it comes to very small and specific niches. Fortunately, you can rely with newsletters aggregators as Smartbrief to dig into these hidden treasures. Finally, if you are working for an enterprise level company, you can find market content curation enterprise solutions such as Factiva by Dowjones. Social network personalized suggestions, lists, and groups Quality resource directories, curated news aggregation sites, newsletters aggregators, and enterprise solutions are perfect for collecting sources, but as time passes and you become more socially active, you should start paying more attention to other sources for discovering new content to curate. A few examples include? Twitter Stories Linkedin Today Slideshare’s recommendations Suggested Communities and Google+ suggestions in its Explore section YouTube suggestions And so on… As you can see, all kinds of information is based on personalization factors. For this same reason, it is safer not to mix the use of what you are doing on your personal social profiles, or you can literally screw up the quality of the suggestions. Never forget to log out when letting your kids watching videos on YouTube, or… A site like Topsy , thanks to its very good internal search feature, is another great source for discovering new content to share with your audience, especially when you must to care also the “freshness” factor of your curation. Lists, like the ones created by the users on Twitter and Facebook, Groups (FB), and Communities (G+) are usually overlooked. However, they are amazing sources of new and surprisingly good content. They are also an easy way to extend your own audience thanks to the conversations you can create there, and a really easy way of discovering the ones I previously defined as the influencers’ influencers. The old school (still good) methodology: blogs commenter’s analysis Personally, this is still the methodology I prefer the most. It is not scalable and presents many defects in terms of time spent conducting a curation research, but – possibly – it is the best way not only to discover new amazing sources, but also for creating strong relationships with those same sources. When I was more of a new kid on the block in this industry than I am now, I follwed this tactic. I was able to discover sites like SEOgadget, Distilled, and SEERInteractive, and I also created great relationships with people like Richard Baxter, Dr Pete, John Doherty, Mike King, and many others, all thanks being very active on the SEOmoz community. How can I organize the sources I have collected? “It’s not information overload. It’s filter failure ,” Clay Shirky once said. And filter failure happens if you are not able to organize the sources you have collected for performing you social content curation activity. What I am going to present is my methodology, which I do not pretend is the best one. What I know is that it gives me positive results, and therefore it may be of help to you, too. The curator’s best friends Google Reader and Buffer are my best allies when it comes to content curation. I use the Google Reader as the hub of all the sources I have discovered, and Buffer is the tool I prefer for socially sharing my curated content. When curating content, it is essential to perfectly categorize the main subject of your curation interest in subtopic. For instance, I subcategorize SEO into its different facets: Technical SEO Local search Link building International SEO Schema, Authorship, and G+ Etc., etc. More importantly, you must maintain the consistency of this categorization in every platform you are saving sources; for your Pocket account, Diigo, or your own browser favorites, and not just in Google Reader. This is how I categorize the SEO and social media topics in Subtopics How do I curate things? Do you have an example? The style and tone to use when doing social content curation varies depending on the social networks you are using for these simple reasons: Every social platform offers you different “formal” opportunities for sharing content. The character limitation of Twitter is the easiest difference you can list, but others are present. The users’ behavior varies a lot from a social platform to another. On Twitter, they tend to prize timely news shares; on Facebook, photos and videos; and on Google+, long forms works usually better than short ones. What voice to use is something that you learn with the experience and the analysis of the success (or failure) of the curated content you have shared. For that reason, it is important to use shorteners like bit.ly , or to use proprietary tools like Google+ Ripples and Facebook Insights, which allow you to track the life of your shares. You can find inspiration from people who master the art of curation. Here is a short list of “non-official curators” people and brands, who are indeed doing great social content curation: Avinash Kaushik and Mackenzie Folgerson on Google+ AJ Kohn on Twitter Guy Kawasaki and George Takei on Facebook Joanna Lord on Pinterest Starbucks on Instagram YouTube itself on YouTube What is the best side effect of content curation? As I have said since the beginning, social content curation should be meant as a content marketing tactic to help you and your brand become a trusted source of information, and eventually a thoughtful leader, in your niche. Social content curation can also be a great way to break the ice and start creating bonds, relations, and serendipity with other people, that can then result in future occasions for link building, social shares of your own original content, or even collaborations. In this sense, social content curation is a great “tool” for what it is normally defined as relationship or influencers marketing , as it shares the same purpose: creating trust. Sign up for The Moz Top 10 , a semimonthly mailer updating you on the top ten hottest pieces of SEO news, tips, and rad links uncovered by the Moz team. Think of it as your exclusive digest of stuff you don’t have time to hunt down but want to read!

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Social Media Curation Guide

The Evolution of the Use of the Internet: the Italian Case

Posted by gfiorelli1 When I talk to my American SEO friends, I cannot help but notice their surprise when I tell them that Google in Italy owns 95% of the search market share. Because of this ownership, search engine optimization is virtually synonymous with Google Search Optimization in my home country. However, Italy is not an exception. If we examine the percentages that Statcounter.com  presents of the search engines’ market shares in Europe between January 2012 to January 2013, the monopolistic percentage repeats itself again and again, with very few exceptions: Spain 96.08% Portugal 97.31% France 93,78% Belgium 98.21% Ireland 94.55% United Kingdom 91.54% Netherlands 94.33% Germany 94.81% Austria 96.3% Switzerland 95.76% Denmark 96.48% Norway 91.97% Sweden 96.25% Finland 97.14% Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia 96.85% Poland 97.31% Czech Republic 77.04% Slovakia 97.98% Slovenia 94.72% Croatia 98.19% Serbia 97.54% Montenegro 95.26% Macedonia 95.26% Greece 96.77% Romania 97.59% Bulgaria 97.71% Turkey 97.97% Belarus 71.29% Ukraine 82.74% Russian Federation 57.01% Malta 92.46% Cypre 94.47% The only countries where Google does not own the majority of search results are the Czech Republic (thanks to Seznam), Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia (thanks to Yandex, which is unfortunately losing market share). Sad, isn’t it? With such a monopoly put in place by Google, it’s pretty easy to understand why even a simple change in its algorithm is able to send a big portion of European SEOs into a state of panic. But really, aren’t the above figures representative of the way people actually search and find information on the Internet, and, eventually, visit our websites? The answer is yes, but not quite. To explain my slightly contradictory answer, let’s look at an interesting study a friend of mine, Paolo Zanzottera , shared at the  ConvegnoGT  conference in December.  Research and methodology Paolo presented the results of an extensive analysis of data obtained through the Italian Web Analytics platform,  ShinyStat . He used this data to paint a picture of what search and Internet usage in Italy has looked like over the last few years. The data samples Paolo worked with include: Reference period : January 1, 2010 – October 31, 2012 Basic metric analyzed : visits (DAA) from the world of Italian sites (89.18% from Italy) Sampling of visits : random visits (1 random visit out of 30 in distributed days and hours of the week) Size of search sample : 300,117,541 visits from search engines Size of social sample : 47,032,022 visits from social networks Total size of the sample : 750,022,334 visits Number of sites analyzed : 3.000 websites during the fixed period of time distributed in 47 categories and divided into 5 kinds of traffic Let’s take a look at the data displayed in a more meaningful way. Visits from search engines Visits from search engines to Italian sites 2010-2012 As we can see from the chart above, organic search is constantly increasing. The increase between January 2010 and October 2012 alone was 154.49 (39.34% between 2011 and 2012).  Please note that the increase is not represented as a constantly ascending line; instead, it presents a series of ups and downs, which are not justifiable only with seasonality. Indeed, the peaks of traffic volume should be explained through a bigger identification of the search engines through mass media as they are in correspondence with events that mark the news and impact on the awareness of the users (e.g. elections, political scandals, the earthquake in Emilia Romagna, sporting events, etc.). In Italy, Google is not the only current search engine. In fact, there are international search engines like Bing, Yahoo, and Ask; and “national” search engines, such as Virgilio, Arianna, and Tiscali. Yet, as the chart below shows, the domination of Google is obvious. Visits from single search engines In reality, all the Italian national search engines (and Conduit, which is French) are powered by Google, so its domination is even more evident here: Organic visit by “algorithm” This domination is shown even further in the following market shares. Please note that Google was able to increase their market share, despite the recent Bing/Yahoo alliance. Algorithm market shares in Italy 2010 vs 2012 If Google is typically the only search engine used, then it is important to know how the organic traffic to our sites is coming from the different Google organic algorithms. In this case, the research defined four verticals: Web Images News Maps Note: a Google vertical like YouTube is not included in this research, as it was meant as a social platform. Organic search powered by Google in 2012 What about the evolution of how Italian sites where searched? The data collected by Paolo clearly show us how users are progressively moving from the old classic “one-word query” to more sophisticated middle and long-tail keywords.  It’s important to note that the use of single-word queries is not typically due to a user’s potential ignorance in the use of search engines, but is more likely due to searches for brand names or domain names. Keyword length evolution 2010 vs 2012 Another important topic when it comes to organic search is the impact of Not Provided. The chart below shows us that Not Provided is clearly impacting Italian organic search, but the percentage in October 2012 is not high enough to prevent correct SEO work ( it was at 14.85%). Nonetheless, the rise of Not Provided in organic search is impressive and constant. Obviously, in very specific topics, the percentage of Not Provided can rise up to almost the 50% of the searches: Not Provided vs Provided evolution 2010-2012 Social traffic The impact of social media in organic traffic is, without a doubt, one of the most important events of the last few years. This trend is evident in Italy, too. Keep in mind that in Italy, the “mainstream acceptance” of new Internet tools usually happens later than in the USA (or UK). This was the case for Twitter, which just exploded during the last 14 months. That said, this delay in accepting and using new tools seems increasingly shorter,  as exemplified by the acceptance of Pinterest, which in Italy has suddenly adopted in close comparison to the rest of the world. Twitter and Pinterest explosions in Italy In Italy, social media’s status of “popular” and only used by a small, very active group of early adopters changed to become widely accepted between 2010 and 2011. Social media is now part of a completely mainstream environment (+1768%). But the data collected via ShinyStat shows us that around October 2011, the referral traffic from social media had a dramatic boost. This boost was so powerful that in October 2012, the traffic from social media was equal to the one between January and October 2010! If we compare this chart with the chart highlighting the evolution of visits from search engines presented in the beginning of this post, we will see that news and events are the main generators of traffic from social networks. It is a completely natural occurence as social media outlets are the places where people discover news, talk about what’s going on in their area, and even generate news stories. Evolution of traffic from social media in Italy between 2010 and 2012 Twitter and Pinterest are interesting and important social networks, but in social media (as in search), there is just one, almost monopolistic, dominator of social media in Italy: Facebook. Evolution of traffic from the different social networks in Italy between 2010 and 201 2 Right now, Facebook represents 97.69% of the referral traffic from social networks, while the amount of visits generated by the other social networks is almost “symbolic:” Social network market shares in Italy 2010 vs 2012 As we can see, just 0.22% of visits from social networks right now are from Google+. However, recent studies show that in the last couple of months, Google+ is actually growing with a faster rhythm than Twitter. So, how is it the overall quality of traffic from social networks in Italy? Not so good, according to metrics like bounce rate and pages per visit that Paolo used in order to have a first raw “quality analysis.” Bounce rate from social is usually very high, and the time per visit and pages per visit numbers are much lower than the numbers from search engines. With these statistics, is it possible to represent the larger influence of social versus the use of search in Italy? Yes, it is: Search traffic vs social traffic in Italy between 2010 and 2012 Both are growing, but the distance between search traffic and social traffic is getting smaller. If we visualize the traffic volumes in percentages, then the growing importance of social networks is even more evident. Here are the social traffic shares in January 2010: Search vs. social in Italy on January 2010 And here in October 2012: Search vs. social in Italy on October 2012 All of these “versus” analyses are confirming something we already know to be true through experience: in Italy, the real competitor of Google is Facebook: Google vs. Facebook vs. Others (i.e. search engines and social networks) on October 2012 Desktop vs. mobile Mobile is an hot topic, and the charts we see usually refer to USA or UK markets. But what about countries like Italy? Maybe you don’t know yet, but Italy (and, similarly, Spain), is one of the nations where the mobile market is more evolved than the biggest players in the technology game. The ShinyStat data shows us how mobile is on the rise in Italy. Thanks to the über fast evolution of smartphones, the introduction of iPad and Android phones/tablets, and the use of Internet everywhere, mobile is literally exploding: Growth of visits from mobile in Italy between 2010 and 2012 In less than three years, the traffic from mobile devices to Italian sites grew 8x. The spikes are easy to understand as they correspond to August’s metrics. Italians cannot seem to shut their smartphones off (even when they are on holiday), and during August 2012, one of five visits came from a mobile device. In reference to mobile iOS, Italy reflects global trends well: Evolution of traffic from mobile and iOS in Italy between 2010 and 2012  In Italy, too, we see that there are two clear competitors: iOS (Apple) and Android (Google).  It is interesting to notice that the distance in terms of traffic generated between the two operating systems seems stable. What does that mean? It means that Android didn’t really eroded market share from Apple, but inherited users from all the platforms outside of iOS, especially Symbian: Mobile market shares by iOS in Italy on January 2010 Mobile market shares by iOS in Italy on October 2012 The ShinyStat data allow us to dig even deeper into the analysis of mobile traffic. For instance, let’s take a look at the traffic from Apple devices. In this chart, we can see that users are moving from using their iPhones for searching and visiting sites to using iPads: Traffic from iPhone vs traffic from iPad in Italy between 2010 and 2012 The war of the browsers Part of the analysis presented by Paolo Zanzottera was focused on which browsers are used for visiting Italian sites between 2010 and 2012: Browser use between January 2010 and October 2012 We can easily see how Internet Explorer (and, similarly, Firefox) were used for steady amounts of visits to Italian sites between 2010 and 2012. In an agrressively competitive industry that is ever-changing, this statistic is basically saying that Internet Explorer and Firefox lost market share for being static. The charts below give us even more confirmation: Browser market share January 2010 Browser market share October 2012 Takeaways So, what conclusions about the Italian Internet and search industry can we draw from this analysis? First, thinking about optimizing for Google only while working as an inbound marketing strategy is shortsighted, even in countries such as Italy (and most likely the other European countries) where Google has no stand-out competitor in search. User behavior suggests that, although Google is currently winning the race, they might not be forever. Along with that thought, the weight of social media (with Facebook leading the charge) is so heavily tied to SEO that today, it could be synonymous with the term “SEOcial.” Secondly, it has become absolutely clear that even in a market like Italy’s (and certainly Europe as a whole), we must understand that the Internet is everywhere, and we must complete the final transition from a desktop-only world to a multi-device Internet marketing strategy. As a consequence, conversion rate optimization of mobile sites, not just SEO, should be a priority of every web marketer during 2013. Finally, a more general conclusion can be made: user behavior when searching and using the Internet is changing at a rate even higher than that of just a few years ago. If we use the Italian case as a benchmark, we have observed that the market is largely different today from what was just two years ago. The increased speed in changing behaviors is a factor that needs to be explained, especially to those whose decisions make the most impact in any business. A lengthy amount of time spent on decision making, fueled by excessive bureaucracy, can be equal to a disaster online at the current rate of change. Sign up for The Moz Top 10 , a semimonthly mailer updating you on the top ten hottest pieces of SEO news, tips, and rad links uncovered by the Moz team. Think of it as your exclusive digest of stuff you don’t have time to hunt down but want to read!

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The Evolution of the Use of the Internet: the Italian Case